Its definitely not 1 or 2, and if the development of a second front is option 4, then it is definitely 4<span />
<span>There were several great successes of medieval Asia that
took the world by surprise. Firstly the printing press was discovered in China
and it did change the total outlook of the world. Algebra was also invented
during this period in the Middle East by such scholars as Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi.
The first novel named “The tale of genii” was written in
Japan. Among the challenges faced, black plague was the major challenge that
spread like fire in China and Middle East. The challenge of the Mongols were
also faced by the people living in this area of Middle East.</span>
Answer:
We can thank geography for that. If you look at a map of Eurasia, you can see many massive mountain ranges and rivers, all of which separate early tribes apart. When one tribe is split apart for long enough, the people in each tribe develop their own distinct and unique identity, which also includes languages. There are several very interesting researches on this phenomenon online if you look deep enough and I do recommend you check them out, it's quite the fascinating read.
They also engaged in the ceramics Industry, paper making, porcelain making, tea-leaf processing, metallurgical among other activities which helped boost their economy. The people in Tang Dynasty were involved in commercial activities due to developed and improved agriculture and the handicraft industry. Inventions during the Tang dynasty were made in the fields of medicine, engineering, and sciences. Gun powder, gas cylinders and porcelain were among the few inventions during this time. Printing was another big accomplishment during this dynasty. The Song Dynasty (960–1279) of China was a period of Chinese history marked by commercial expansion, economic prosperity, and revolutionary new economic concepts. Private trade grew and a market economy began to link the coastal provinces with the interior. Hope this helps!