Economics is the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. you learn about money and how it effects the world and environment around us
The original purpose of The Federalist Papers was to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution.
The Federalist Papers were written and posted to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed usa constitution, which became drafted in Philadelphia in the summer time of 1787.
The Federalist Papers were written after the Constitutional convention for you to persuade American humans of the need of stronger federal authorities and aid the ratification of the constitution.
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Shortly after midnight on this day in 1961, East German soldiers begin laying down barbed wire and bricks as a barrier between Soviet-controlled East Berlin and the democratic western section of the city.
After World War II, defeated Germany was divided into Soviet, American, British and French zones of occupation. The city of Berlin, though technically part of the Soviet zone, was also split, with the Soviets taking the eastern part of the city. After a massive Allied airlift in June 1948 foiled a Soviet attempt to blockade West Berlin, the eastern section was drawn even more tightly into the Soviet fold. Over the next 12 years, cut off from its western counterpart and basically reduced to a Soviet satellite, East Germany saw between 2.5 million and 3 million of its citizens head to West Germany in search of better opportunities. By 1961, some 1,000 East Germans–including many skilled laborers, professionals and intellectuals–were leaving every day.
In August, Walter Ulbricht, the Communist leader of East Germany, got the go-ahead from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to begin the sealing off of all access between East and West Berlin. Soldiers began the work over the night of August 12-13, laying more than 100 miles of barbed wire slightly inside the East Berlin border. The wire was soon replaced by a six-foot-high, 96-mile-long wall of concrete blocks, complete with guard towers, machine gun posts and searchlights. East German officers known as Volkspolizei (“Volpos”) patrolled the Berlin Wall day and night.
Many Berlin residents on that first morning found themselves suddenly cut off from friends or family members in the other half of the city. Led by their mayor, Willi Brandt, West Berliners demonstrated against the wall, as Brandt criticized Western democracies, particularly the United States, for failing to take a stand against it. President John F. Kennedy had earlier said publicly that the United States could only really help West Berliners and West Germans, and that any kind of action on behalf of East Germans would only result in failure.
The magna carta
the first and foremost modern constitution of a nation... upon which all nations constitutions were based
the first civil and judiciary setting valued for a free and democratic enterprise to flourish from
the institutionalization of power thru legitimacy and merit... and the importance of social order
the military might and the expansionary nature of empires highlighted and how properly to conduct the affairs of an empire
