Answer:
C. A field sparrow is an animal.
Explanation:
Collins and Quillian in 1969 proposed The Hierarchical Network Model of Semantic Memory, it is a memory for word concept. This model suggest that an idea, word or thing higher the hierarchy will be more easily recalled. A field sparrow is an animal is lower down in the hierarchy than a field sparrow is a bird or a sparrow or a field sparrow.
Field sparrow comes first followed by sparrow, then bird and lastly, animal.
Thus it will take longer to recall a field sparrow is an animal.
The Ghana empire ruled before great empires of Mali and Songhai,
Explanation:
The two empires of the region , along with Ghana were the last great owners of the Saharan Africa before colonialism and had been there for a long time thus.
They were profiting from the trade routes set up in the time of the rule of Mansa Musa
This is the time of the precedence of the Ghana empire in the whole region which then broke up into small pieces and then the great empires of Mali and Songhai sprung up after it.