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Today, psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes." Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India.
Psychology was a branch of the domain of philosophy until the 1860s, when it developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany.
Psychology as a field of experimental study began in 1854, in Leipzig Germany, when Gustav Fechner created the first theory of how judgments about sensory experiences are made and how to experiment on them. Fechner's theory, recognized today as Signal Detection Theory foreshadowed the development of statistical theories of comparative judgment and thousands of experiments based on his ideas (Link, S. W. Psychological Science, 1995). Later, 1879,Wilhelm Wundt founded in Leipzig, Germany, the first Psychological laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Germany. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist (a notable precursor of Wundt was Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783 and gave lectures on empirical psychology at the Old University of Münster, Germany. Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American father of pragmatism), and Ivan Pavlov (who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning).
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Aspiration can be positive since it allows motivation. For example, the aspiration of one day owning a car motivates a person to work hard. On the other hand, this can have a negative effect when the aspirations are are set too high and not met for instance, someone aspiring a goal of becoming a millionaire was not met. This could affect the person by causing them to loose all motivation and potentially loose themselves and other aspirations.
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Answer:
B, the large area of out consciousness
Explanation:
"-Consciousness (which they find inscrutable) explains cognitive flexibility for James"
Credits to: JSTOR
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the Long term disability insurance protects you during lengthy of disability when you’re unable to work (for example, if you are injured.) It is sometimes described as income replacement insurance, as it will pay you a monthly amount that replaces your regular paycheck while you are not working.
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