Answer: A. The Cherokees won the right to stay on their land and were deemed an independent nation.
<em>(That was a hollow victory though -- see last paragraph of explanation below.)</em>
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Explanation:
The 1832 case, Worcester v. Georgia, ruled unconstitutional a Georgia law requiring non-Native Americans requiring a license from the state to be on Native American land. In responding to the case, the Supreme Court asserted that the federal government is the sole authority to deal with a Native American nation. From this Supreme Court assertion came the beginnings of tribal sovereignty within the United States for Native American nations -- that the US government would deal with them as domestic nations inside the United States.
The court case was named after Samuel Worcester, a Christian minister working among the Cherokee who was supportive of the Cherokee cause. To block the activity of a man like Rev. Worcester, the state of Georgia passed a law prohibiting white persons to live within the Cherokee Nation territory without permission from the Georgia state government. Worcester and other missionaries challenged this law, and the case rose to the level of a Supreme Court decision. The decision by the Supreme Court, written by Chief Justice Marshall, struck down the Georgia law and reprimanded Georgia for interfering in the affairs of the Cherokee Nation. Marshall wrote that Indian nations are "distinct, independent political communities retaining their original natural rights."
But President Andrew Jackson chose not to enforce the court's decision. He said at the time: "The decision of the Supreme Court has fell stillborn, and they find that it cannot coerce Georgia to yield to its mandate." He told the Cherokee that they would need to operate under the jurisdiction of the state of Georgia or else relocate. This was a step in the direction of what became known as the "Trail of Tears," when the Cherokee were removed from Georgia and moved to territory in Oklahoma.
A vocal school, blab school or ABC school or Old-time School was a type of children's primary school at some remote rural places in North America, outdated and obsolete as the 19th century progressed. The school children recited (blabbed) their lessons out loud separately or in chorus with others as a method of learning.
<span>Cassius Clay changed his
name to Muhammad Ali because he converted to Islam in 1964. Consequently, he
rejected military induction stating that he would not enlist due to his
religious beliefs. This resulted in Ali being stripped of his heavyweight title
and receiving a three-year ban from boxing.</span>
Melancton Smith (anti-federalist): what sort of people in society would support this view? middle class because he's advocating for them to be represented in the gov.
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are summarized below.
1
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
2
Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia.
3 No quartering of soldiers.
4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.
5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy.
6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.
7
Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments.
9 Other rights of the people.
10 Powers reserved to the states.
