They are complete sentences. Both have an independent and dependent clause.
Author-page style:
When the quotation or the paraphrase taken appear in the text and a detailed reference of it must be given in the works cited. This type of in-text citation is called as Author-page style.
Indirect source and how it should be handled:
When we use a quote or a paragraph that is cited in another source then it is called as an indirect source. We must avoid using indirect sources this is also called as citing.
Parenthetical citations and Works Cited work together:
Parenthetical citations are quoted in the paraphrasing as in-text because the brief explanation is given at the in-text and work cited information are at the end of the page and they can be given together in the beginning of the books where the author tries to convey messages
Answer: Because of his background
Explanation:
Walter was poor so he couldn't afford to pay for his lunch. This caused him to help his father in the fields. This took him away from his studies, so he couldn't pass the first grade.
Well me going through and reading excerpts from the passage widely leads me to believe that this is an informal passage because they are informing you on the history of The United States