<span><span>anonymous </span> 3 years ago</span>Proteins are involved in almost all of the cell's functions. They can act as:
Transportation: they can transport hydrophobic molecules in blood for example
Regulation: protein hormones and enzymes
Receptor: can act as receptors on cell surface and in the subsequent signal transduction (G-protein for instance)
It is true that all proteins are made up of up to 20 amino acids, but there are several reasons for their diverse actions:
-One reason is the possible sequence and number of amino acids: Met-Ser-His is different from Met-His-Ser for example. Besides, you have different chain length, for a protein is made up of long chain of polypeptide (longer than 50-70 amino acids) and can have any of the 20 amino acids with repetition, so using simple probability, this can provide up to practically unlimited combination with proteins that have chains of thousands of amino acids.
-Another very crucial reason for the diversity of protein action is the conformation. A protein passes by at least 3 conformational stages before becoming mature. The straight amino acid chain is the primary structure of the protein that can never be active. Spatial modification of this primary structure results in a secondary structure, Helix or Beta-pleated sheets (or other coiling structure), that is also inactive. Further coiling and bending of the secondary structure produce a 3-dimentional conformation that is the active form of the protein. Moreover, many proteins can undergo further conformational rearrangement and combination with other protein sub-units producing a quaternary structure.
Answer: d. A bar graph indicating average high and low temperatures for Amanda’s area in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer.
A scientific study requires the use of variables, on the basis of which the outcome of the study can be obtained. An independent variable refers to a variable which can be changed or manipulated in an experiment, such changes will affect the dependent variables. Dependent variables is the outcome of the research, it cannot be changed manually instead the changes occur are because of the changes in the independent variable.
In the given situation, a bar graph indicating average high and low temperatures for Amanda’s area in the autumn, winter, spring, and summer would be an effective scientific model to be incorporated in the Amanda project. This is because of the fact that both independent and dependent variables can be analyzed by this way. The temperature is an independent variable, which changes with respect to the climatic conditions, which represent a particular season like autumn, winter, spring and summer which is a dependent variable.
The superscript of element Cl⁻ indicates it is a negative ion.
