Answer:
The statement is describing the usual difference in trade policy that exists between monarchies and republics.
Explanation:
The excerpt comes from the Spirit of the Laws, by Montesquieu, who was a French philosopher who promoted republicanism and liberalism.
In the text, Montesqueiu is explaining than in monarchies, trade is very restricted, and is usually only allowed for luxury goods like perfums, spices, or silk clothes, because these goods are used by the nobility as a symbol of their power and status.
In monarchies, for the rest of the population, trade is restricted. The common people therefore cannot access goods from abroad, or can only do so at a very high cost.
In republics, Montesquieu says, trade tends to be more open. Merchants become the ones who do most of the trade, guided by their economic ideas. The merchants therefore obtain many goods from abroad, that both the nobility and the commoner can acquire for a lower price.
In conclusion, Montesquieu is using the argument for trade as another reason to support republics over monarchies.
Ida B. Wells was a firm believer that many of the tactics used by whites against blacks, such as violent intimidation and lynching, was used purely to keep the black population from advancing socially and economically, and therefore advocated heavily for black and women suffrage in the hopes of eventually being able to change the laws.
Answer: A monarch made key political decisions based on input from advisors.
During the 1800s, most of Europe was still governed by monarchs. However, the republican, democratic example of the United States was heavily influential in liberal circles. Conservatives at that time period wanted to protect the institution of monarchy. So out of the options, it is more likely that conservatives would have supported keeping the monarch, while receiving input from advisors.
Answer:
Islamicate is a term invented by world historian Marshall Hodgson. At once precise and woolly, it invokes Islam—its past, present, and future—yet marks its influence as exceeding any creedal or cultural limits. It reflects a Muslim presence as both aesthetic taste and ethical project.
