Answer:
D. Hardin uses an ethical appeal to make himself seem trustworthy by admitting that there are "harsh" elements to his argument.
Explanation:
<em>Ethos</em> is the name given to an ethical appeal. This occurs when an author tries to make himself seem trustworthy and knowledgeable about a particular topic in order to be more persuasive. This is one of the most commonly used rhetorical appeals, the other ones being <em>pathos</em> (emotional appeal) and <em>logos</em> (logical appeal). In this case, the fact that the author has admitted that lifeboat ethics can be harsh makes his argument more persuasive.
It took Jane a lot of courage to stand up in front of an audience and sing as beautifully as she did.
The subordinate clause is : " which had been dumped into the city water system "
One cannot escape what one fears.
