Answer:
the last one is the final answer
Answer:
I am pretty sure it is a and d .I don't know for sure though
1. They won the support and loyalty of the noble families, whether through conciliatory gestures or by intimidation.
2. They levied taxes to ensure enough revenue during both war and peace and also so that they had to depend less on popular support
3. They established strong ties with the church, which kept the masses compliant
4. They constructed forts and other military structures to establish a good military presence in their monarchies
The Pyrenees mountain range
Europeans smuggled coffee beans from the Arab Port of Mocha, when they visited.
