Neurotransmission refers to the mechanism by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters (i.e., chemical messengers that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell) are released by the axon of a neuron into the synaptic gap and then interact with receptors of another neuron. This mechanism plays a key role in transferring information between a neuron and its target cell. This process is mediated by the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. The release of the neurotransmitter depends on two main factors: 1-presynaptic depolarization of the terminal membrane and the opening of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (i.e., presence of Ca2+ ions in the extracellular fluid).
Founder effect occurs when a small number of individuals move out from a larger population and then develop a new population in an isolated place such that it leads to a decreased genetic diversity in the population established by a fewer individuals.
As a result of the founder effect the genetic diversity is reduced in the descendants of the founder population which leads to an increase in the probability of having a genetic disorder.
Therefore, since the mice being blind due to a genetic defect escape from the laboratory and breeds then the subsequent generations will most likely be blind from birth as a result of founder effect.
