Raj can learn about this by Length. The swing rate, or frequency, of the pendulum is determined by its length. The longer the pendulum, whether it is a string, metal rod or wire, the slower the pendulum swings. Conversely the shorter the pendulum the faster the swing rate.
No they cannot because they are exempt just as the sentence says they are. Unless they are completely desperate in need of troops they will not alter what has been in place that they cannot be drafted.