Prediction 1 is best. Two hummingbirds with short or medium beaks had a baby with a mutation in its genes for the long-beak trait. Because long-beak hummingbirds are more likely to survive, that baby survived long enough to pass on its mutation, so the long-beak trait became more common over generations.
One of the outgrowths of the civil rights movement of the 1960s was an emphasis on multiculturalism, the belief that the American society should maintain and protect its diversity by laws.
She firmly established Protestant practices but retained catholic rituals and ceremonies ; thus bringing about Protestantism gradually and without opposition.