Answer:
The Noli me Tangere was written in Spanish because during that time the Philippines was under Spanish rule and they weren't not allowed to write books or write something bad about Spanish people. It was illegal to read Rizal's novel because their was a movement going on the Philippines. The propaganda movement
I think France and England
An example of a theory is Evolution, we don't really know 100% how we came to be as we are now, but we do know that 1+1=2 as a fact, same with gravity, we Know it exists because it's what ties us to earth and we can "feel" it, but not Evolution, Evolution is a theory, just like the BingBang
They are taxes on goods that are imported into a country. A government may use the money from them to fund government operations.