The Niagara Movement was a civil-rights group founded in 1905 near Niagara Falls. Scholar and activist W. E. B. Du Bois gathered with supporters on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls to form an organization dedicated to social and political change for African Americans. Its list of demands included an end to segregation and discrimination in unions, the courts, and public accommodations, as well as equality of economic and educational opportunity. Although the Niagara Movement had little impact on legislative action, its ideals led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
yes and no at the same time
The majority opinion uses lower courts decisions on the same case as evidence
In the ten years following the civil war, a large numbers of former slaves earned a living by becoming "<span>3. Sharecroppers on Southern farms," since their opportunities for advancement were very slim, and moving to the North was often expensive. </span>
