During the Napoleonic Era, Napoleon introduced and established many changes that favored most of the French population instead of the aristocracy. For example, he signed an agreement with the Catholic Church which provided freedom of worship; he let the peasants keep the lands that had been taken away from its previous owners (the clergy); he improved the educational system by creating secondary schools called Lycees and a University; he boosted employment and French economy by creating The Central Bank of France which loeaned money to traders and manufacturers; he also created a fairer taxation system from which noblemen and clergymen were no longer exempt.
Low and middle-class people feared that when King Louis XVIII was restored to power, he would eliminate many of these changes that favored them. For this reason, when Napoleon returned from exile, they welcomed him as they thought Napoleon's rule would continue to support the growth and betterment of the low and middle-class population.
Answer:
The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures. The necessary number of states ratified it by December 6, 1865. The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
In 1863 President Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring “all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Nonetheless, the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the nation. Lincoln recognized that the Emancipation Proclamation would have to be followed by a constitutional amendment in order to guarantee the abolishment of slavery.
The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union and should have easily passed the Congress. Although the Senate passed it in April 1864, the House did not. At that point, Lincoln took an active role to ensure passage through congress. He insisted that passage of the 13th amendment be added to the Republican Party platform for the upcoming Presidential elections. His efforts met with success when the House passed the bill in January 1865 with a vote of 119–56.
With the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. The 13th amendment, along with the 14th and 15th, is one of the trio of Civil War amendments that greatly expanded the civil rights of Americans.
Explanation:
The term "Iron Curtain" was used by Winston Churchill to describe a divide between <span>Western and Soviet spheres of influence.</span>
As of 2017, the second most populated country in Europe is Germany, with a current population of 82.79 million people.
