Question

1. Define the following: Odds ratio Relative risk 2. Describe how to calculate the Odds ratio and provde the formula. 3. Describe how to calculate the Relative Risk and provide the formula.

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

Odds ratio is the odds that an outcome would happen given a level of exposure in comparison to the occurrence of that outcome without exposure. Odds ratio is calculated by dividing odds of event occurring with exposure(the first group) by odds of event(usually disease) occurring without exposure. Odds is different from probability(denoted p/1-p). While probability is the number of favorable events divided by total number of events, odds is number of favorable events/number of unfavorable events.

Relative risk, also measuring relationship between exposure and outcome, is the ratio of the probability that an outcome would occur without exposure and probability that an outcome would occur with exposure.