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Health and Safety
Environmental laws protect the health and safety of humans and the environment. For example, the Clean Air Act limits emissions of pollutants, and the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act prohibits dumping of waste into U.S. ocean waters without a permit. (See References 1 and 4) Without such laws, businesses and individuals might do whatever was most convenient or cost-effective for them, rather than acting for the good of society and the environment.
Innovation
Stricter environmental laws tend to increase innovative environmentally friendly technology, writes Frank Wijen in "A Handbook of Globalization and Environmental Policy." (See Reference 5, Page 216) The demand for sustainable technology rises as companies and individuals must follow stricter environmental regulations, leading researchers and clean energy entrepreneurs to focus on developing such technologies. Ultimately, this increases the prominence of sustainable technologies, making them more accessible.
Costs
Businesses may see certain environmental laws in a negative light if they must adapt their practices and increase spending to comply with regulations. Individuals may feel inconvenienced by particular laws as well, such as a new law against fishing in a favorite spot. Conducting a cost-benefit analysis of environmental laws often proves challenging, as negative effects of not implementing these laws -- such as death, illness and ecosystem destruction -- cannot always be easily quantified in monetary terms. (See Reference 2) However, becoming more environmentally friendly may actually save businesses and individuals money in the long term, particularly by reducing waste and energy usage, despite the cost of the initial investment.
Oversights
Environmental laws that impose regulations without considering their impacts on local communities come with a serious disadvantage: lack of local support. For example, a law that commands people to stay out of a protected natural area, without recognizing that people rely on this ecosystem for their own daily needs, may not only constitute a human rights violation, but may actually backfire, says the Center for International Forestry Research. Community participation in ecosystem management helps to ensure compliance with regulations, reports CIFOR.
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Iroquois Six Nations Land Cessions to Pennsylvania, 1736-1792. Between 1736 and 1792, the Iroquois League, formed of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Tuscarora, and Onondaga tribes, made several important land deals with American colonists, often without the consent of those tribes who occupied the land.
Local government in the United States is known as the governmental jurisdiction which is below the level of the state. Many states have two tiers of local government such as municipalities and counties. Some other states counties are also divided into townships. Established types of local government are;
1. Country government. These are organized local government which are authorized by state statutes and the state constitution. For administrative purposes, all countries are divided into county-equivalent and counties. Connecticut, Rhode Island and some parts of Massachusetts have eliminated county government.
2. Township or town government. Are organized local government which are authorised by the statutes and state constitution of Midwestern and northeastern. It was established to provide with a general government for a defined area which is based on the subdivision of a county.
3. Municipal government. They are organized local government which are authorized by state statutes and the state constitution. Were established to provide general government for defined areas where the county is divided.
<span>Special purpose local government. In this local government, it is divided into two districts which are special districts and school districts.</span>
