I am not sure about the first question, I cannot help you with that one, sorry. :/
However, the second question I know. Ragnarok is A), an apocalyptic prophecy, a Norse prophecy stating when the end of the world will come.
The 4th one is correct! :)
"Things only have meaning in context"
You can see this from the examples that Dickenson lists.
"Land by oceans past" - You would not be able to tell the land if there were no oceans
"Peace by its battles told" - How would we have a definition for peace without battles?
