Answer: Latin is still the official language of the Catholic Church. Official church documents are still translated into Latin, and there is someone on staff in the Vatican who is responsible for the Latin language. The day to day working language in the Vatican is Italian.
At first, Latin was used because it was the dominant language in Rome where the church was centered. Greek, Latin, and Aramaic were other languages used in the early church. As Rome became more dominant, Latin become more central as a language as Christianity became the official religion of the Empire.
When the Empire fell apart, Latin remained important because it served as a universal language for all of Europe. Latin was what educated people learned, and it allowed people from different regions who spoke different languages to communicate.
In the 16th Century, the Council of Trent codified the mass into the form which would exist through the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. What became known as the Tridentine Mass was said exclusively in Latin, everywhere in the world, for over 400 years.
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