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14). During the early 1700’s, a small group of pacifist Protestants fled Germany to avoid religious persecution. This group, the

abruzzese [7]

A) In the Dunker population, the frequency of IB allele is 0.3 and the frequency of i allele is 0.4. In the general population, the frequency of IB allele is 0.1 and the frequency of i allele is 0.5.

If:
$I^{A}$ - the frequency of IA allele
 $I^{B}$ - the frequency of IB allele
 $i$ - the frequency of i allele

Then:
 $I^{A} I^{A}$ + $I^{A} i$ - the frequency of individuals with A blood type
 $I^{B} I^{B}$ + $I^{B} i$ - the frequency of individuals with B blood type
 $ii$ - the frequency of individuals with O blood type

Let's first take a look on the Dunker population:
$I^{A} = 0.3$
$ii=0.16
$

Since there is only one possible genotype for O individuals - ii - the frequency of the allele i is square root of the frequency of O individuals:
 $i= \sqrt{ii}$
⇒ $i = \sqrt{0.16}$
⇒ $i=0.4$

Now, we have the frequencies of two alleles ( $I^{A}$ and $i$ ). To calculate the frequency of $I^{B}$ allele, we will use the formula:
 $I^{A} + I^{B} + i = 1$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1- I^{A} - i$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1-0.3-0.4$
⇒ $I^{B} = 0.3$

Now, in the general population:
$I^{A} = 0.4$
$ii=0.25$

Similarly to the work for the Dunker population:
 $i= \sqrt{ii}$
⇒ $i = \sqrt{0.25}$
⇒ $i=0.5$

$I^{A} + I^{B} + i = 1$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1- I^{A} - i$
⇒ $I^{B} = 1-0.4-0.5$
⇒ $I^{B} = 0.1$


b) A founder effect is a result of geographical separation of a few individuals from the original population. Those founding individuals will form a new population. The Dunker population was not only geographically separated, but also genetically. The group interbreeding was present resulting in increasing those allele frequencies that were the most common in the founding population. In this case, the most individuals from the founding population had B blood type.

6 0

3 years ago

Scientific data can be organized in a variety of ways. Which of the following visual displays would be best for describing the p

Ghella [55]

c is my best answer. I hope it is helpful

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Why are a plants stomata generally open during the day and closed at night brainly?

bagirrra123 [75]

To keep in the stored enzymes so it can keep synthesizing at night, even when there is no sunlight. -- Stomata serve two main functions - they allow carbon dioxide to reach the cells in the leaf where the majority of photosynthesis takes place and they allow water to be transpired out off the leaf. During the day, stomata are generally open to allow photosynthesis to take place as quickly as possible. At night, when the lack of light means photosynthesis can't take place, many plants close their stomata to reduce water loss. There is one group of mainly desert plants, known as CAM plants, that keep their stomata closed during the day when water loss would be greatest, and open them at night, using a biochemical method to effectively store carbon dioxide in the leaf overnight.

4 0

3 years ago

Please help me with this thank u

BartSMP [9]

Answer:

Explanation:

i did this before and confirmed it with my biology teacher

3 0

2 years ago

In the Cori cycle, when glucose is degraded by glycolysis to lactate in muscle, the lactate is excreted into the blood and retur

saveliy_v [14]

Answer and explanation:

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are metabolic pathways of great importance in the regulation of glycemia (glucose levels in the blood).

While glycolysis, a catabolic pathway that occurs when the glucose levels are high and is used to generate energy inside our cells; gluconeogenesis, an anabolic pathway, happens because glucose levels aren't high enough for our tissues to perform their energy-demanding tasks.

Glycolysis is stimulated by insulin and transforms 1 glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate molecules, which can then be further metabolized to produce ATP. Gluconeogenesis does the opposite: being stimulated by glucagon and epinephrine, it converts pyruvate molecules into glucose molecules to elevate glycemia.

Partaking in antagonizing pathways, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis appear to be the exact reverse pathway for one another, except for a few specific enzymes that are unique to each one of them.

a. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - both pathways. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1, 2 biphosphoglycerate, and backward.

b. phosphofructokinase-1 - glycolysis. This kinase phosphorylates (adds a phosphate group) fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1, 6 biphosphate. In gluconeogenesis, the opposite reaction occurs thanks to the fructose 1, 6 biphosphatase (which removes a phosphate group from fructose 1, 6 biphosphate).

c. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase - gluconeogenesis. In glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate is transformed to pyruvate in one single reaction, catalyzed by enzyme pyruvate kinase. But in gluconeogenesis, pyruvate needs first to be converted into oxalacetate by the pyruvate carboxylase, so can then be transformed into phosphoenolpyruvate by the PEP carboxykinase.

d. alcohol dehydrogenase - neither pathway. Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that can be found in Ethanol metabolism, catalyzing the forming of acetaldehyde from an ethanol molecule.

5 0

3 years ago

Please help thank you ​

Please help thank you