The answer to the first question is: the king of India, he never conquered India. The answer to the second: Phalanxes. The phalanxes were based on the usage of long spears, that would stop the enemy advancing.
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Explanation:
These port cities were centers of trade, serving as links in terms of capital and labor mobility.
The 1917 Russian Revolution was not, as many people suppose, one well organised event in which Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and Lenin and the Bolsheviks took power. It was a series of events that took place during 1917, which entailed two separate revolutions in February and October (with a great deal of political wranglings inbetween), and which eventually plunged the country into Civil War before leading to the founding of the Communist State.
Well every culture that felt like culture in past, present became a country... now the language is interesting because some countries speak the same language but just because either they learned it or they have the common cultural origin.
There was a lot of British solidarity and propaganda about being strong. Many travelled to the countryside as big cities like London were being targeted. Children were sent to colonies, such as Canada.