Answer:
D. fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate
Explanation:
The Abbassid caliphate or dynasty was known to have governed the Islamic world between the year 750 to 1258 AD.
However, following the increase in Islamic conversion in the Islamic world, whereby the major source of revenue which is through taxes of nonMuslim groups decreases, thereby leading to fragmentations of the Abbasid Caliphate.
However, despite this fragmentation, the sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, around the period that lasted between 1200-1450 continued.