Answer: c) and b) are correct.
The brain is encased in a protective bony or cartilaginous housing in craniates.
The anterior end of the nerve cord is elaborated to form a brain in craniates.
Explanation: The craniates include the chordata with well-defined heads. This includes mammals, reptiles and fishes. So we can discard the other answers. Because most craniates have functional jaws, and the adults do not lose their chordate characteristics. The last one does not apply as a specific feature because the tunicate have neural crest but are not recognized as craniata.
The answer for the question is Migraine<span>. Migraines Headaches are extremely, nearly paralyzing headaches that are located on one side of the head and are sometimes accompanied by dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. They normally develop in two phases; The first phase, in which blood vessels in the brain narrow (vasocontsriction), such that the flow of blood to arts of the brain is reduced. Second phase; occurs when the blood vessels expand, such that blood flows through them rapidly, thus stimulating many neuron endings and causing pain. </span>
