The results of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution had extremely negative impacts on Chinese society. Many people were persecuted, publicly humiliated, forcibly moved, killed and tortured as Mao Zedong used systematic terror to enforce his ideas on the Chinese people. The Great Leap Forward was when he wanted to change China's industrial economy into an agrarian one which heavily damaged it's economy and the Cultural Revolution was when he wanted to purge China of capitalist and traditional elements, which damaged the country socially and economically.
I dont,think that there was a decree
The atomic bomb
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The main reason why the United States largely shied away from imperialism prior to 1890 was because there was plenty of potential raw materials and resources located in North America, so the US had no real reason to begin searching in other places like Africa.