C is the answer & I’m glad I could help .
The effect of a disruptive group member affects the interconnectedness element of a system in a negative way.
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What is Interconnectedness?</h3>
This involves having different parts being connected or related to each other in this scenario.
A disruptive manner will bring conflicts which will reduce the interconnectedness present in the group.
Read more about Interconnectedness here brainly.com/question/2430401
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The movement of naturalism was greatly influenced by the 19th-century ideas of Social Darwinism, which was in turn influenced by Charles Darwin's theories on evolution. Social Darwinism applied to the human environment the evolutionary concept that natural environments alter an organism's biological makeup over time through natural selection. Social Darwinists and naturalists cited this as proof that organisms, including humans, do not have free will, but are shaped, or determined, by their environment and biology. Naturalists argued that the deterministic world is based on a series of links, each of which causes the next (for more on these causal links, see Causal links and processes, below). In "To Build a Fire," London repeatedly shows how the man does not have free will and how nature has already mapped out his fate. Indeed, both times the man has an accident, London states "it happened," as if "it" were an inevitability of nature and that the man had played no role in "it." The most important feature of this deterministic philosophy is in the amorality and lack of responsibility attached to an individual's actions (see Amorality and responsibility, below).
I believe it is D, The house (was painted) that summer. Hope this helped!
