Correct answer is The fall of the Roman Empire meant there was less need for a bureaucratic elite.
Explanation:
First option is correct as the period after the fall of Western Roman Empire was characterized by a political mess, which led to total decline of literacy.
Second options is not correct as Crusades actually opened trade with the East.
Third option is not correct as Arabs did have written language, different than European languages though.
Last option is not correct as actually church officials were among rare literate people.
The French and Indian War altered the relationship between Britain and its American colonies because the war enabled Britain to be more "active" in colonial political and economic affairs by imposing regulations and levying taxes unfairly on the colonies, which caused the colonists to change their ideology from toleration to resentment toward Britain.
