I believe it is the first one.
The primary events that led to the United States declaration of war against Germany were the Zimmerman Telegram and Germany's announced intention to resume unrestricted submarine warfare. American sentiment had leaned toward the Allies and against the Central powers for some time.
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an increase in urbanization.
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In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.