Answer:
a. the pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma
Explanation:
The pH of thylakoid membrane is 8 at normal conditions but it became highly acidic like 4 during photosynthesis. The electron transport chain utilize the energy released by excited electrons to pump the H+ ions to lumen of thylakoid membrane from stroma during light reaction of photosynthesis. The H+ ions are present in both the stroma and thylakoid membranes. These high potential H+ ions are utilized by ATP synthase complex for the production of ATP.
We know that more the H+ ions lesser will be the pH and lumen have the high concentration of H+ ions. While the pH of stroma is normally kept acidic by plants to create a concentration and potential difference of H+ ions for the production of ATP. That why the lumen have lower pH than stroma of chloroplast.
Seedless plants produce spores.Spores can develop into an adult without fusing with another cell.Seed plants produce seeds.Seeds are formed when the female reproductive structure matures; this occurs after fertilization.
That is the answer (:
Answer:
Option (4)
Explanation:
Carbon forms the basin element for the existence of life. It is present in the atmosphere in the form of CO₂, which is one of the major green house gas. It plays an important role in the carbon cycle.
The increase in the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere can lead to the global rise in the temperature. It can lead to global warming. The amount of carbon in the atmosphere has been rising continuously, right after the industrial revolution.
The carbon is mainly emitted from the heavy industries and factories, vehicles, burning up of fossil fuels. It also increased due to the increasing absorption of solar radiation.
This emission of carbon if not controlled by the humans, then the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere will abruptly increase after some decades.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Answer:
1)B 2)C 3)D E 4)E 5)A
Explanation:
Inflammation is the body defence system against various pathogens and include various components such as Immune cells and blood vessels. Inflammation occurs in a sequence of events.
- when a pathogen enters the cells macrophages produce the first response by phagocytizing the foreign body.
- The blood vessels dilated so more blood cells, oxygen and nutrients could reach at the site of pathogen and fight against it.
- Foreign pathogen is captured at that place so it can't mobilize to other part of the body.
- The more fighting cells are directioned at the site of infection
- The recruited phagocytic cells phagocytize the invaders pathogen and starts its degradation.
The rough er is connected to the plasma membrane
