3.grandfather clause...........................
The answer is C) cause and effect because if it explores the relationship between and action and it's consequences you would be talking about a cause and then it's effect of what happened.
Actually, there is a lot of pitfalls in the credibility in this argument. There are a lot of websites in the Internet with information about the so called French Invasion that occurred on the 24th of june, 1812.
The French Invasion is also known in Russia as The Patriotic War of 1812 and in France is known as the Russian Campaign. Try to search under these alternative names and you might find more information.
