This is best explained by examples
''what did you feel'' is talking about the past usually an objective experience.
Like asking what someone felt when they reached for something they lost.
ex: I dropped my keys behind the shelf and I reach for them, but can't see them. Someone will ask what did you feel if i'am just seraching for the keys with my hand.
"How did you feel" Usually more subjective
How someone felt about their test, performance, a job interview. Some kind of experience.
"How does it feel" It's in the present/ recent past.
Usually this is right after something happened. When I think of the phrase it's usually for some kind of medial treatment.
Example: You just cut your arm and your friend is putting on a bandage, while asking "how does it feel?"
This is usually used when someone gets hurt.
When it's not someone getting hurt maybe they are asking what a sensation feels like.
Example: you took an ice bath for the first time and get asked how does it feels?
Ah sorry this is hard to explain. Hope this helps a bit.
