UNIVERSAL AFFIRMATIVE
There are four standard forms of categorical statements: (1) universal affirmative (All dogs are mammals), (2) universal negative (No dogs are mammals), (3) particular affirmative (Some dogs are mammals), and (4) particular negative (Some dogs are not mammals).
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The word that best described the author's tone in this excerpt is INDIGNANT. To be be indignant means to show anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment. In the passage above, the writer clearly express his feeling of anger and disappointment at the shabby manner that his friend, Stephen, which he loved and trusted so much treated him.
Answer:
It helps you learn.
Explanation:
When you read with no purpose, you usually forget that topic and lose focus.
