A. Kwame's whole life had been directed by his father - a powerful, confident man who ran an advertising agency.
Explanation:
In grammar, the term <em>voice </em>refers to the relationship between the action expressed by the verb and the participants of the described event (subject and object). In English, there are two types of voice:
Active voice - the subject that acts upon its verb.
Passive voice - the subject is a recipient of a verb's action.
Sentence A is the one written in the passive voice. <em>Kwame's whole life </em>is the subject but is the recipient of the action expressed by the verb <em>directed</em>. Kwame's father is the one performing this action, and we can see this with the help of the prepositional phrase with the preposition <em>by </em>(<em>by his father</em>). In active voice, the given sentence would look like this:
<em>His father, a powerful, confident man who ran an advertising agency, had directed Kwame's whole life.</em>
