A shogun is a Japanese Emporer
Catholicism has always been a huge religion, and has been in control of the world for previous ages. For that reason, they were the ones who could dictate when to start the timeline, and chose the birth of Christ as that starting point.
It requires the government to pay a fair price for the property taken from the owner
Third parties often have ideas regarding new concepts such as the famous Populist party or the Green party or similar. When these parties become more powerful and start winning senate places in their countries, they usually join the Democrats or the Republicans and the parties slowly wither away.
