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MrRissso [65]
3 years ago
12

Use the limit comparison test to determine whether ∑n=19∞an=∑n=19∞8n3−2n2+196+3n4 converges or diverges.

Mathematics
1 answer:
sattari [20]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Diverges

General Formulas and Concepts:

<u>Algebra I</u>

  • Exponential Rule [Dividing]:                                                                         \displaystyle \frac{b^m}{b^n} = b^{m - n}

<u>Calculus</u>

Limits

  • Limit Rule [Variable Direct Substitution]:                                                     \displaystyle \lim_{x \to c} x = c

Series Convergence Tests

  • P-Series:                                                                                                         \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 1} \frac{1}{n^p}
  • Direct Comparison Test (DCT)
  • Limit Comparison Test (LCT):                                                                       \displaystyle  \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n}

Step-by-step explanation:

<u>Step 1: Define</u>

<em>Identify</em>

\displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4}

<u>Step 2: Apply DCT</u>

  1. Define Comparison:                                                                                     \displaystyle \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{n^3}{n^4}
  2. [Comparison Sum] Simplify:                                                                         \displaystyle \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{1}{n}
  3. [Comparison Sum] Determine convergence:                                             \displaystyle \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{1}{n} = \infty , \ \text{div by P-Series}
  4. Set up inequality comparison:                                                                     \displaystyle\frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4} \geq \frac{1}{n}
  5. [Inequality Comparison] Rewrite:                                                                 \displaystyle n(8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19) \geq 6 + 3n^4
  6. [Inequality Comparison] Simplify:                                                                 \displaystyle 8n^4 - 2n^3 + 19n \geq 6 + 3n^4 \ \checkmark \text{true}

∴ the sum  \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4}  is divergent by DCT.

<u>Step 3: Apply LCT</u>

  1. Define:                                                                                                           \displaystyle a_n = \frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4}, \ b_n = \frac{1}{n}
  2. Substitute in variables [LCT]:                                                                       \displaystyle  \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4} \cdot n
  3. Simplify:                                                                                                         \displaystyle  \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{8n^4 - 2n^3 + 19n}{6 + 3n^4}
  4. [Limit] Evaluate [Coefficient Power Rule]:                                                   \displaystyle  \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{8n^4 - 2n^3 + 19n}{6 + 3n^4} = \frac{8}{3}

∴ Because  \displaystyle  \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} \neq 0  and the sum  \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} a_n  diverges by DCT,  \displaystyle \sum^{\infty}_{n = 19} \frac{8n^3 - 2n^2 + 19}{6 + 3n^4}   also diverges by LCT.

Topic: AP Calculus AB/BC (Calculus I/I + II)

Unit: Convergence Tests (BC Only)

Book: College Calculus 10e

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