Leonard has emotional or psychological trauma. His symptoms match up with the symptoms of trauma. He has trauma due to an event that triggered and affected his perception of safety and security. The event is the constant bullying in his school's hallways. He has grown an irrational fear to school hallways which affects his behaviour.
Sleep spindles are sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity that occur during stage 2 of light sleeping.
The answer would be the tundra because it has cool summers cold and harsh winters a dry climate and sparse vegetation.
Answer:
a person-by-treatment quasi-experiment
Explanation:
Quasi-experimental design: In a psychological experiment, the quasi-experimental design is designed to select groups on which a variable is being tested, in the absence of random selection.
Example: In a quasi-experimental design, a researcher while experimenting divides the population based on age, similar age group participants would be placed in the same group.
Person-by-treatment: The person-by-treatment design is one of the common types of quasi-experimental design. In person-by-treatment, a researcher tries to measure at least one of the independent variables, and side-by-side manipulate the other independent variable.
The Berlin Conference<span> of 1884–85, also known as the </span>Congo Conference<span> (</span>German<span>: </span>Kongokonferenz<span>) or </span>West Africa Conference<span> (</span>Westafrika-Konferenz),[1]<span>regulated </span>European colonization<span> and trade in </span>Africa<span> during the </span>New Imperialism<span> period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by </span>Portugal<span> and organized by </span>Otto von Bismarck<span>, first </span>Chancellor of Germany<span>, its outcome, the </span>General Act of the Berlin Conference<span>, can be seen as the formalization of the </span>Scramble for Africa<span>. The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity by European powers, which eliminated or overrode most existing forms of African </span>autonomy<span> and self-governance.</span><span>[2]</span>