Answer:
Single stranded template to produce a double stranded product.
Explanation:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique in the laboratory that is used to make many copies (millions or billions) of a particular region of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
The reaction utilizes primers which are short pieces of single stranded oligonucleotide templates to yield a double stranded DNA.
Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, and they are designed to identify the target region to amplified they bind to opposite strands of the template DNA at the edges of the region to be copied. The template DNA is copied and a complementary DNA is produced. The end product of the reactions a double stranded DNA that is produced from the template dna. The new DNA is the exact copy of the template dna.
Answer: N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP)
Explanation:
Protein synthesis takes place in ribosomes located in the cell cytoplasm, in which amino acids are transported by transfer RNA corresponding to each amino acid to the messenger RNA where they bind in the appropriate position to form new proteins. <u>The messenger RNA has a sequence of nucleotides that are translated into protein, as each codon (set of three amino acids) codes for one amino acid</u>.
Genes are the storage units of genetic information, so they are segments of DNA that contain the information on how the cells of the organism should function. Each gene codes for a protein, so if a gene is damaged or absent, the protein will not be obtained. In this case, mutant cells with a deleted gene, will round up and wont form their normal appendages. This mutation can be rescued or repaired with a gene that encodes an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein. The N-terminal end is the amino-terminal end and it refers to the end of a protein that ends with an amino acid that has a free amino group. The C-terminus or carboxyl-terminus is the end of a protein that ends in a carboxyl group. The convention for writing peptides is to place the C-terminal end to the right and write the sequence from the N- to the C-terminal end. So, when an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion of the protein is expressed, the gene will produce the protein with a GFP tag.
<u>GFP is Green Fluorescent Protein</u>, and it is a protein produced by the jellyfish <em>Aequorea victoria</em> t<u>hat emits bioluminescence in the green region of the visible spectrum</u>. When a gene is fused to another gene (at either the N- or C-terminus, although in this case it is the N-terminus), the entire messenger RNA is translated together as if it were a single fused protein. <u>Thereby, since the protein will be produce with a GFP tag, it can be seen under the microscope and it will be apropiate to use in studying cellular localization and activity.</u>
There are some considerations that this problem does not question, such as that there must be a start codon for protein synthesis and a stop codon, and this stop codon must not be in the middle of the gene or between the gene and the GFP tag.
Due to Natural Selection, it is likely that the allelic frequency would change to favor iguanas with webbed feet. Those animals with webbed feet would have an easier time navigating their environment, which gives them an advantage over those that do not. Hope this helped!
Answer:
This question is asking to fill in the blank spaces with the correct terms. The correct terms to the four blank spaces are:
1) GEL
2) DYE
3) DNA MARKER
4) LID
Explanation:
This question is describing the Gel electrophoresis technique which is used to separate DNA fragments using electric current. The DNA fragments of different sizes migrate through a GEL which serves as the matrix made from Agarose.
In order to physically see the samples that we put in the gel, we first have to add DYE to each sample of DNA. After loading the samples to be separated, a substance made up of DNA fragments of known sizes referred to as DNA MARKER, which acts as the standard curve in a tube is used.
Before running the gel, it's important to make sure that there is LID covering the gel in the gel rig. This will make sure that the electrical current runs through the gel and the gel stays cool.
The process of heat acclimatization requires tolerance of gradually increased activity in the hot environment. A healthy individual that is well adapted to the body’s physiological changes is said to have an improved heat tolerance. Heat acclimatization is extremely useful for athletes.