The man ignored moving ahead in the freezing cold instead of making camp or not going at all. Hope this helps.
I think it would be C because you always do the authors last name first!
The sentence that suggest that doctors, like lawyers are part of superficial middle-class world of nineteenth century Rusia is:
The doctor put on just the same air towards him as he himself put on towards an accused person.
Precipitation and climate
I’d say it’s d because a logical appeal is claim & evidence
