First one is secede second one is civil war 3rd one is popular soveignority and 4th is emancipation proclamation
Plant populations change over time by growing in size and diversity. They generally are the first part of an ecosystem after lichens (the pioneer species) and cause an ecosystem to flourish and allow for animals to move in. I don't know if this is the answer you were looking for but it should give you somewhat of a base.
America's response to 9/11 abroad wasn't effective because it led to the invasion of a country (Iraq) that had absolutely nothing to do with it. The American public was deceived into thinking that the invasion was necessary to keep Americans safe.
i think it is E defensive but if im not right im sorry because im new