The three evidence that support the existence of plants on Antarctica are:
- Climate;
- Pollen;
- Herbivorous animals;
Apart from the plant fossils found on Antarctica, there are few other evidence that suggest that plants existed in the past on the now frozen continent. Some of those evidence for the existence of plants on Antarctica are the pollen found in the rocks and fossils of organisms, the climate records, as well as the herbivorous animals.
The pollen is only released by the plants, thus that is a sure indicator that plants were occupying this part of the world.
The climate records on Antarctica that can be seen in the rock layers, suggest that for most of its existence, Antarctica had a warm and wet climate, which is perfect conditions for the plants to thrive.
The herbivorous animals are feeding themselves on plant material, so since there's fossils of herbivores in Antarctica, it for sure is an evidence that there were plants existing in order for them to feed and be able to live in there.
Answer:
model 2
Explanation:
please mark brainliest...
The answer would be 360 million. Carboniferous is the time from 286 million years to 360 million years and was name for the thick deposits of coal in that age.The forest did cover most of the land at that time and the decomposition then was the one who gave rise to the coal.
For the answer to the question above, I believe the answer is
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)It is <span>an x-ray examination that uses injection of contrast material to evaluate your kidneys, ureters, and bladder and to help diagnose the blood in the urine or pain in your side or lower back.</span>
Answer:
The correct answers are option A. "tethering proteins to the cell cortex", B. "using barriers such as tight junctions", C. "tethering proteins to the extracellular matrix", D. "forming a covalent linkage with membrane lipids", E. "tethering proteins to the surface of another cell"
Explanation:
According to the fluid-mosaic model, the components of cell membranes are in constant movement forming a barrier to avoid unwanted exterior component internalization and to avoid the loss of precious internal components. This constant movement could cause that proteins move across the plasma membrane. But, this is avoided by several mechanisms including:
A. Tethering proteins to the cell cortex. The cell cortex is a rigid structure made of actin and actomyosin. Proteins found in the plasma membrane are tethered to this structure to restrict their movement.
B. Using barriers such as tight junctions. Tight junctions are barriers found in epithelia made of claudin and occludin proteins. These barriers are impenetrable, which avoid the movement of proteins in the cell membrane.
C. Tethering proteins to the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is made of several proteins and macromolecules that provide a structural and biochemical support to cells that are nearby. Proteins could be tethered to this rigid structure as well.
D. Forming a covalent linkage with membrane lipids. The proteins in the cell membrane that form a covalent linkage with membrane lipids are known as lipid-anchored proteins, or lipid-linked proteins.
E. Tethering proteins to the surface of another cell. When cell-cell communication take place it is possible that proteins in the cell membrane got tethered to the surface of the other cell.
