The ruling determined that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.
In doing so, the Supreme Court asserted that it has the right to declare laws of Congress unconstitutional.
It was sort of a roundabout way in which the principle of judicial review was asserted by the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison. William Marbury had been appointed Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia by outgoing president John Adams -- one of a number of such last-minute appointments made by Adams. When Thomas Jefferson came into office as president, he directed his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver many of the commission papers for appointees such as Marbury. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court directly to hear his case, as a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 had made possible. The Court said that particular provision of the Judiciary Act was in conflict with Article III of the Constitution, and so they could not issue a specific ruling in Marbury's case (which they believe he should have won). But the bottom line was, the Court had taken up the right of judicial review by calling out a portion of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional.
<span>All three motivated their audiences to embrace certain beliefs and fostered national unity. Hitler spread a message of hate and nationalism. Churchill aroused and united the British to defeat the Nazis. Roosevelt informed Americans about the policies and underscored his beliefs in democratic ideals.</span>
