Italian city states were a political phenomenon of small independent states, around the northern part of the Italian peninsula around the 9th and the 15th century. They were governed independently
The 1917 Russian Revolution was not, as many people suppose, one well organised event in which Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and Lenin and the Bolsheviks took power. It was a series of events that took place during 1917, which entailed two separate revolutions in February and October (with a great deal of political wranglings inbetween), and which eventually plunged the country into Civil War before leading to the founding of the Communist State.
At this time the Muslims economy was heavily based on trade and the government was heavily based on religion.
I would imagine it is part of the legislative branch.
Since the US government has 3 branches and its House and Senate are part of its legislative branch
