Once infected cells have sensed an invading pathogen, they secrete molecules called cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines such as interferons are molecules that signal neighbouring cells and induce an antiviral state in them. These cells are then primed to resist an infection with the invading virus.
Langerhans cells are dendritic cells (antigen-presenting immune cells) of the skin, and contain organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis and are most prominent in the stratum spinosum.
The answer would be a Doctorate in veterinary medicine.
Answer:
The correct answer is A
Explanation:
There are several respiratory centers, the main ones are in the medulla oblongata, also called spinal bulb, image attachment so you can observe better.
Image Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_center