Answer:
Explanation:
life is very hard, it is full of difficulties. but no matter how hard you try you can never be mad at yourself for to long. life is very complicated because you got school, people trying to drag you down, parents. just think ahead and dont worry about fake people trying to bring you down.
The wireless device a manager most likely have before being offered the upgrade by her supervisor is a PDA. The wireless device the supervisor most likely offering to the manager as an upgrade would be a smartphone. Laptop and computer would prove cumbersome if the manager needs to have her hands free to move about the sales floor.
This is because a smartphone has various software installed in it that makes the work assigned more easier compared to other gadgets. A laptop and computer can perform the same works as well but the feasibility related to portability will be a reason for the choice on smartphones over PDA, laptops and computer in an organization.
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The concept of present value lets us know that the doggy estate worth in today's dollars is $180614.80
<h3>What is the present value of the doggy estate worth?</h3>
The concept of present value is significant because it enables investors to determine whether the amount they pay for an investment is reasonable. The present value of a future cash flow defines how much it is worth in today's value.
From the given information:
- The annual cashflow C = $20,000
- Interest rate (i) = 4.2% = 0.042
- Number of period (n) = 11
Thus, the present value of the doggy estate can be calculated by using the formula;
![\mathbf{PV = C \times \Big [ \dfrac{1 - \dfrac{1}{(1+i)^n}}{i}\Big] \times (1+i)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cmathbf%7BPV%20%3D%20C%20%5Ctimes%20%5CBig%20%5B%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%20-%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%281%2Bi%29%5En%7D%7D%7Bi%7D%5CBig%5D%20%5Ctimes%20%281%2Bi%29%7D)
![\mathbf{PV = 20000 \times \Big [ \dfrac{1 - \dfrac{1}{(1+0.042)^{11}}}{0.042}\Big] \times (1+0.042)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cmathbf%7BPV%20%3D%2020000%20%5Ctimes%20%5CBig%20%5B%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%20-%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%281%2B0.042%29%5E%7B11%7D%7D%7D%7B0.042%7D%5CBig%5D%20%5Ctimes%20%281%2B0.042%29%7D)
PV = $180614.80
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