Answer:
1. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
2. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
4. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
6. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of Akt
8. Glut4 receptors transported to cell membrane
The evidence supporting the idea that modern birds and reptiles share a common ancestor is that feathers are a derived characteristic that first evolved in reptiles. Feathers represent an evolutionary derived trait.
In evolutionary biology, an autapomorphy is a distinctive phenotypic trait referred to as a derived trait, which is unique to a particular group/taxon.
The derived traits are phenotypic features that arise during the evolution of a particular taxonomic group.
These traits (derived traits) differ from the phenotypic trait of the ancestor of the group.
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Answer:
Just one round without DNA repair
Explanation:
When an error occurs before or during replication, in a normal system, there is always proofreading and correction. If the error is not corrected during replication, it can then be corrected by the DNA damage repair system. But if not also corrected, the error becomes fixed and subsequent replication will produce this error
There are four environments on Earth that are called spheres: hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
<h3>Features associated with each of Earth's four spheres.</h3>
<h3>Hydrosphere </h3>
It is the set of all the water on the planet, including those that form clouds.
<h3>Lithosphere</h3>
The continuous part of our planet, made up of rocks and soil. The most superficial part is called the earth's crust.
<h3>Atmosphere</h3>
It is the gaseous sphere that surrounds our planet, composed mainly of gas oxygen and gas.
<h3>Biosphere </h3>
It is the part of our planet that can support life
<h3>Internal processes</h3>
The atmosphere and hydrosphere are the main regulators of the planet's climate. Without both, the temperature changes would be very sudden: at night it would drop to minus 150°C and during the day above 100°C, making life on Earth difficult.
With this information, we can conclude that the spheres of the earth, support life, and make the planet earth unique.
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