I am not 100% sure but I believe it's A. a deck of cards based on my logic.
A baseball and a coffe mug is too big and an open palm can vary in size too much.
Safe sex i.e. condoms and dental dams. Get the HPV vaccine as well.
You can... Chronic Kidney Diseases doesn't't mess heavily with overall blood composition, neither does spread between people or is dangerous to donate. There are several instances where one may not donate blood; blood transmitted disease like HIV or Syphilis, or a clotting factor deficiency, which is hemophilia, which while not exactly anything to worry about bloodwise, is much more dangerous to the person donating it, as without proper equipment or medication, a patient can bleed out.
When you have a short-term goal (less than 2 weeks), a great tool to use in helping you determine what you need to do to accomplish it is the AIM SMART tool.
The answer is B, social cognitive theory.
Hope this helps :)