The imagery used in the first paragraph of Chapter XII constantly reiterates the order and cleanliness of France.
He says the entire thing is a garden that must be brushed, watered and trimmed daily, indicating it is very neat and clean. The hedges are "shaped" and symmetrical. The trees are in long, straight rows. The landscape is so orderly Twain compares it to a checkerboard.
The effect of this imagery is to show the reader the beauty and cleanliness of France, which is astounding to Twain.
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In "Hamlet", Act I, Scene II, Claudius and Gertrude as Hamlet to cheer up, and tell him that every living thing has to die, so it is useless to keep mourning for his father. Hamlet answers that he is suffering more than they can see, nothing can express the way he feels. Then Claudius says that everybody loses his father because it is a law of nature and tells Hamlet to stop mourning because it is a crime against God, against the dead and against nature. Claudius then tells Hamlet to start thinking of him as his new father and treat him in this way. And he also asks Hamlet not to leave Denmark.
This occurs at the Exposition Stage of the story.
Jason is being told a key piece of information that will play a central role in the story. It introduces not only Jason and Mr. Manaby, but something that will drive future events, the 5:00 policy. The act of telling Jason is not yet Rising Action, however, because it only introduces the central elements of the story. The story has not yet begun to move towards its climax.
The noun wood can be countable or uncountable. In more general, commonly used, contexts, the plural form will also be wood. However, in more specific contexts, the plural form can also be woods e.g. in reference to various types of woods or a collection of woods.