Air sacs do not take part in the oxygen exchange, but do greatly enhance its efficiency and allow for the high metabolic rates found in birds. This system also keeps the volume of air in the lung nearly constant.
Air sacs do not take part in the actual oxygen exchange, but do greatly enhance its efficiency and allow for the high metabolic rates found in birds. This system also keeps the volume of air in the lung nearly constant.
Explanation:
- Air sacs are found as tiny sacs off the larger breathing tubes (tracheae) of insects, as extensions of the lungs in birds, and as end organs in the lungs of certain other vertebrates. They serve to increase respiratory efficiency by providing a large surface area for gas exchange. See also pulmonary alveolus.
Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that these types of reactions are best defined as type II hypersensitivity. This is an process in which specific antibodies bind to antigens that causes tissue damage or destruction, and mainly occurs when an individual is given the wrong blood type.
What they mean by "base" is the substance. A base is a substance that tastes bitter, has a pH that is greater than 7. It also turns red litmus paper blue.
In conclusion, what they mean by 'base' is the substance included.
