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Beginning in the 1800s, women organized, petitioned, and picketed to win the right to vote, but it took them decades to accomplish their purpose. Between 1878, when the amendment was first introduced in Congress, and August 18, 1920, when it was ratified, champions of voting rights for women worked tirelessly, but strategies for achieving their goal varied. Some pursued a strategy of passing suffrage acts in each state—nine western states adopted woman suffrage legislation by 1912. Others challenged male-only voting laws in the courts. Some suffragists used more confrontational tactics such as picketing, silent vigils, and hunger strikes. Often supporters met fierce resistance. Opponents heckled, jailed, and sometimes physically abused them.
By 1916, almost all of the major suffrage organizations were united behind the goal of a constitutional amendment. When New York adopted woman suffrage in 1917 and President Wilson changed his position to support an amendment in 1918, the political balance began to shift.
On May 21, 1919, the House of Representatives passed the amendment, and 2 weeks later, the Senate followed. When Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the amendment on August 18, 1920, the amendment passed its final hurdle of obtaining the agreement of three-fourths of the states. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the ratification on August 26, 1920, changing the face of the American electorate forever.
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The Haitian Revolution, a series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804, was the overthrow of the French regime in Haiti by the Africans and their descendants who had been enslaved by the French and the establishment of an independent country founded and governed by former slaves.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the famous book called Uncle Tom's Cabin.
This book follows the journey of a man named Uncle Tom, who happens to be a slave in America for a long period of time. During this book, it describes the harsh realities that slaves in America face on a daily basis. Harriet Beecher Stowe, an advocate of abolishing the institution of slavery, wrote this book in hopes of bringing to light the inhumane treatment of slaves in America. She succeeded in her mission.
Northerners read this book, shocked at the realities these slaves faced during this period in American history. Southerners felt that it was an inaccurate representation of life in the South. Regardless, this continued to fuel tension so much that when President Abe Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe, he said "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!" This sentence alone shows how critical this book was to the start of the Civil War.
