Answer:
The price elasticity of demand is -5
Explanation:
Elasticity of demand measure the responsiveness of demand against the change in price of the product. It shows how much demand changes if there is the change in price.
Using mid point method
Change in Demand = $20 - $25
Change in Demand = -$5
Change in price = $5 - $4
Change in price = $1
As we know
Elasticity of Demand = Change in demand / Change in price
Elasticity of Demand = -$5 / $1
Elasticity of Demand = -5
Answer:
Assuming that no changes happened, 2020 sales and expenses should be similar to 2019's:
Total Per unit
Total sales $1,842,400 $28
Variables costs <u>($1,184,400)</u> <u>($18)</u>
Contribution margin $658,000 $10
Fixed costs <u>($498,000)</u> <u>($7.57)</u>
Operating income $160,000 $2.43
Answer:
a) Pre-tax cost of debt is 8.45%
b) After tax cost of debt is 5.07%
Explanation:
a) Given:
Debt issue outstanding = $15.5 million
Semi-annual coupon rate = 0.063 / 2 = 0.0315
Assumed par value (FV) = $1,000
Coupon payment (pmt) = 0.0315 × 1000 = $31.5
Current bond price (PV) = 92% of $1,000 = $920
Time period (nper) = 5 × 2 = 10 periods
Calculate semi-annual rate using spreadsheet function =Rate(nper,pmt,PV,FV)
Semi-annual rate = 4.14%
Pmt and FV are negative as they are cash outflows.
YTM = 4.14 × 2 = 8.28%
Effective annual rate = ![(1+\frac{Rate}{compounding\ periods}) ^{2} -1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%281%2B%5Cfrac%7BRate%7D%7Bcompounding%5C%20periods%7D%29%20%5E%7B2%7D%20-1)
= ![(1+\frac{0.0828}{2}) ^{2} -1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%281%2B%5Cfrac%7B0.0828%7D%7B2%7D%29%20%5E%7B2%7D%20-1)
= 0.0845 or 8.45%
b) Tax rate is 40%
After tax cost of debt = Pre tax cost of debt × (1 - 0.4)
= 0.0845 × 0.6
= 0.0507 or 5.07%
A check list should be base on past problems.